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Indications/Uses
Listed in Dosage.
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Dosage/Direction for Use
Adult: PO Chronic bronchospasm As aminophylline hydrate modified-release tab: Initial: 225-450 mg bid, increased as appropriate. IV Acute severe bronchospasm Loading: 5 mg/kg or 250-500 mg by slow inj or infusion. Maintenance: 0.5 mg/kg/hr. Max rate: 25 mg/min.
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Administration
Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take on an empty stomach at least 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.
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Contraindications
Acute porphyria. Concomitant use w/ other xanthine derivatives.
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Special Precautions
Patient w/ cardiac arrhythmia or failure, COPD, severe asthma, acute pulmonary oedema, peptic ulcer, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, DM, HTN, CHF, severe hypoxaemia, coronary artery disease, history of seizure, active influenza infection, acute febrile illness, sepsis. Patient undergoing influenza immunisation or in chronic alcoholism. Simultaneous admin by >1 route/preparation. Hepatic and renal impairment. Childn, elderly. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Monitor heart and resp rate, arterial/capillary blood gases, and serum K levels. Monitor serum theophylline levels prior to dose adjustment.
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Adverse Reactions
Nausea, vomiting, headache; hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, hypernatraemia, hyperglycaemia, acid/base disturbance; anxiety, insomnia, maniacal behaviour, delirium; confusion, restlessness, irritability, hyperventilation, vertigo/dizziness, tremor, convulsions; visual disturbances; palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension; abdominal pain, diarrhoea, gastro-oesophageal reflux, GI bleeding; maculo-papular rash, erythema, pruritus, urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, rhabdomyolysis; hyperthermia, extreme thirst, transient diuresis.
Potentially Fatal: Cardiac arrhythmia, cardiorespiratory arrest, hypoxic encephalopathy. |
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Drug Interactions
Increased clearance w/ aminoglutethimide, carbamazepine, moracizine, phenytoin, rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone, and barbiturates. Reduced clearance w/ allopurinol, carbimazole, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, diltiazem, disulfiram, erythromycin, fluconazole, interferon, isoniazid, isoprenaline, methotrexate, mexiletine, nizatidine, norfloxacin, oxpentifylline, propafenone, propranolol, ofloxacin, thiabendazole, verapamil, viloxazine HCl and OCs. May increase steady state concentration of phenytoin.
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CIMS Class
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ATC Classification
R03DA05 - aminophylline ; Belongs to the class of xanthines. Used in the systemic treatment of obstructive airway diseases.
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