Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin: May be taken with or without food. May be taken w/ meals for better absorption & to reduce GI discomfort.

Hypersensitivity or history of severe allergic reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to amoxicillin or other β-lactams (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams). Infectious mononucleosis (suspected or confirmed).

Patient with reduced urine output, history of seizures, treated epilepsy or meningeal disorders; lymphatic leukaemia. Atopic individuals. Renal and hepatic impairment. Children. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Perform culture and susceptibility tests; consult local institutional recommendations before treatment initiation due to antibiotic resistance risks. Monitor renal, hepatic, and haematologic (e.g. CBC with differential) functions periodically with prolonged therapy; electrolyte balance. Assess patient for infection throughout therapy; signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis (during initial dose), opportunistic infections, and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.

Significant: Convulsion (high doses), Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (in treatment of Lyme disease). Rarely, crystalluria (high parenteral doses); prolonged prothrombin time. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Rarely, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia. Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting; tooth discolouration (brown, yellow, grey) particularly in children. Investigations: Elevated liver enzymes, changes in blood counts (prolonged therapy). Nervous system disorders: Headache, dizziness, agitation. Psychiatric disorders: Reversible hyperactivity, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, behavioural changes. Reproductive system and breast disorders: Vulvovaginal infection. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash, urticaria, pruritus.
Potentially Fatal: Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid and severe cutaneous adverse reactions (e.g. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms); C. difficile-associated diarrhoea or pseudomembranous colitis. Rarely, cholestatic hepatitis.

Decreased renal tubular secretion resulting in increased and prolonged serum concentration with probenecid. Increased risk of allergic reactions (e.g. rashes) with allopurinol. Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and sulfonamides may interfere with the bactericidal effect of amoxicillin. May prolong prothrombin time or increase INR when used with oral anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin, acenocoumarol). May reduce the excretion and increase the toxicity of methotrexate. May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives (e.g. estrogen/progesterone combination).

Penicillins

J01CA04 - amoxicillin ; Belongs to the class of penicillins with extended spectrum. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.