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Administration
Should be taken with food. Take w/ or immediately after meals.
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Contraindications
Hypersensitivity. Acute porphyria, G6PD deficiency, infants <1 month. Pregnancy at term (during labour and delivery). Severe renal impairment, anuria, oliguria, significantly elevated serum creatinine, CrCl <60 ml/min or eGFR <45 mL/min, history of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic impairment associated with previous nitrofurantoin use. Concurrent vaccination with live polio vaccines.
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Special Precautions
Patient with anaemia, diabetes mellitus, vitamin B deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, debilitating diseases, pre-existing pulmonary diseases, neurological disorders, or allergic diathesis. Lactation. Children and elderly. Patient Counselling This drug may cause dizziness and drowsiness, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery. This drug may cause yellow or brown discoloration of urine. Monitoring Parameters Monitor CBC; LFT and renal function periodically. Monitor for pulmonary reactions (e.g. malaise, dyspnoea, cough, fever, and radiologic evidence of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis or fibrosis), and signs of numbness or tingling of extremities.
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Adverse Reactions
Significant: Optic neuritis, peripheral neuropathy, superinfection, C. difficile-associated diarrhoea, haemolytic anaemia.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia.
Cardiac disorders: Angina.
Eye disorders: Amblyopia.
Gastrointestinal disorders: Diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, constipation, emesis.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Fever, chills, malaise, asthenia.
Immune system disorders: Anaphylactoid reactions, angioedema, urticaria.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Anorexia.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Arthralgia.
Nervous system disorders: Dizziness, drowsiness.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Acute pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Pruritus, alopecia.
Potentially Fatal: Rarely, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, hepatic necrosis. Acute, subacute or chronic pulmonary toxicity, peripheral neuropathy. |
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B
contraindicated at 38-42 weeks gestation
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Drug Interactions
Reduced rate and extent of absorption with antacids containing Mg trisilicate. Increased serum level and toxicity and decreased renal excretion with uricosuric drugs (e.g. probenecid, sulfinpyrazone). Antagonistic effects with quinolone antibacterials. Decreased antimicrobial effect with effects with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g. acetazolamide). May diminish the therapeutic effect of norfloxacin, and live polio vaccine.
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CIMS Class
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ATC Classification
J01XE01 - nitrofurantoin ; Belongs to the class of nitrofuran derivative antibacterials. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
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