Overview
Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is
defined as acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) caused by bacteria and is diagnosed based
on clinical presentation or the presence of bacteria in the paranasal sinus
cavity, as stated in the Introduction
section.
Among adults presenting with sinusitis
symptoms in general medicine clinics, up to 38% may have acute bacterial
rhinosinusitis. A detailed discussion about the prevalence of acute
rhinosinusitis is in the Epidemiology
section.
Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus are the common
causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Discussion on these pathogens is in
the Etiology section.
The Pathophysiology section
states that acute bacterial rhinosinusitis commonly occurs as a complication of
a viral infection, rhinitis, or other conditions that impair local or systemic
immune function. The development process of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is
in this section.
The Risk
Factors section lists the
common predisposing factors in the development of acute bacterial
rhinosinusitis.
Rhinosinusitis - Acute, Bacterial_Disease SummaryHistory and Physical Examination
The Clinical
Presentation section
describes the clinical features in the diagnosis of acute bacterial
rhinosinusitis.
The History section outlines the symptoms that should be
assessed in patients with acute rhinosinusitis, while the Physical Examination
section describes the specific areas that is needed to be evaluated
when examining patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
Diagnosis
The Diagnosis
or Diagnostic Criteria section
features the 2020 European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps
(EPOS) criteria that may be used in the diagnosis of acute bacterial
rhinosinusitis.
Discussion on culture
and susceptibility tests in the evaluation of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is
in the Laboratory Tests and Ancillaries
section.
The Imaging section describes the diagnostic tests used
and their specific indications in patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
Other conditions that should be ruled out in
the diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are listed in the Differential Diagnosis section.
Management
Determination of disease severity and
indications for otorhinolaryngologist referral in patients with acute bacterial
rhinosinusitis in the Evaluation
section.
General antibiotic therapy principles and
goals of antibiotic therapy are in the Principles
of Therapy section.
The Pharmacological Therapy section discusses in detail the symptomatic therapy and
antibiotic therapy depending on the disease severity and previous antibiotic
usage in patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
The Nonpharmacological
section includes things to educate the patient about the management
of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
