Adult: Instill 1 drop in the conjunctival sac of the affected eye(s) once daily, given at the same time each day.
Contraindications
Reactive airway disease including existing or history of bronchial asthma; severe COPD; sinus bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome including sino-atrial block, 2nd- or 3rd-degree AV block (not controlled by pacemaker); overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock; severe allergic rhinitis, corneal dystrophies. Pregnancy.
Special Precautions
Patient w/ 1st degree heart block, severe peripheral circulatory disorders (e.g. severe forms of Raynaud's disease/syndrome), mild/moderate COPD, corneal disease, labile diabetes or those who are subject to spontaneous hypoglycaemia. Aphakic patients, pseudoaphakic patients w/ torn posterior lens capsule or anterior chamber lenses or to those at risk for cystoid macular oedema. Lactation.
May cause gradual change in eye colour. Remove contact lenses prior to application then wait for 15 min before reinsertion. This drug may cause temporary blurred vision or other visual disturbances, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery.
Drug Interactions
Potential additive effect w/ oral Ca channel blockers, β-adrenergic blockers, antiarrhythmics, digitalis glycosides, parasympathomimetics, guanethidine. May potentiate hypertensive reaction to sudden withdrawal of clonidine. May potentiate systemic β-blockade w/ CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g. quinidine, paroxetine). Risk of mydriasis w/ epinephrine. May increase the hypoglycaemic effect of antidiabetic agents.
Action
Description: Travoprost is a prostaglandin F2α analogue which reduces the intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humour via trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral pathways. Timolol is a non-selective adrenergic blocking agent which acts by reducing aqueous humour formation and increasing outflow facility. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Absorbed through the cornea. Timolol: Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 0.69 hr. Metabolism: Timolol: Extensively metabolised in the liver. Excretion: Travoprost: Via urine (<2% as free acid). Elimination half-life: Approx 45 min. Timolol: Via urine (approx 20% as unchanged drug and the remainder as metabolites). Terminal elimination half-life: Approx 4 hr.
Chemical Structure
Travoprost Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Travoprost, CID=5282226, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Travoprost (accessed on Jan. 23, 2020)
Timolol Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 33624, Timolol. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Timolol. Accessed Feb. 23, 2023.
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