Cefuaxit

Cefuroxime (tab: axetil, inj: Na)

Tab: Infections in adults & childn from 3 mth: acute streptococcal tonsillitis & pharyngitis; acute bacterial sinusitis; acute otitis media; acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; cystitis; pyelonephritis; uncomplicated skin & soft tissue infections; early Lyme disease. Inj: Infections in adults & childn including neonates: community acquired pneumonia; acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis; complicated UTI including pyelonephritis; soft-tissue infections eg, cellulitis, erysipelas & wound infections; intra-abdominal infections. Prophylaxis against infection in GI (including oesophageal), orthopaedic, CV & gynaecological surgery (including caesarean section).

Tab Course of therapy: 7 days (may range from 5-10 days). Adult & childn ≥40 kg Acute tonsillitis & pharyngitis, acute bacterial sinusitis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, uncomplicated skin & soft tissue infections 250 mg bd. Acute otitis media, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis 500 mg bd. Lyme disease 500 mg bd for 14 days (range of 10-21 days), <40 kg Acute tonsillitis & pharyngitis, acute bacterial sinusitis 10 mg/kg bd to max: 125 mg bd. Pyelonephritis 15 mg/kg bd to max: 250 mg bd for 10-14 days. Cystitis, uncomplicated skin & soft tissue infections 15 mg/kg bd to max: 250 mg bd. Lyme disease 15 mg/kg bd to a max: 250 mg bd for 14 days (10-21 days), ≥2 yr & <40 kg Otitis media or more severe infections 15 mg/kg bd to max: 250 mg bd. Renal impairment CrCl ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m² Standard dose of 125-500 mg bd, 10-29 mL/min/1.73 m² Standard dose every 24 hr, <10 mL/min/1.73 m² Standard dose every 48 hr, haemodialysis Further standard individual dose at end of each dialysis. Inj Adult & childn ≥40 kg Community acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, soft-tissue infection (eg, cellulitis, erysipelas & wound infections), intraabdominal infections 750 mg every 8 hr IV or IM. Complicated UTI including pyelonephritis 1.5 g every 8 hr IV or IM. Severe infections 750 mg every 6 hr IV or 1.5 g every 8 hr IV. Surgical prophylaxis for GI, gynaecological surgery (including caesarean section) & orthopaedic operations 1.5 g w/ induction of anaesth. May be supplemented w/ 2 doses of 750 mg IM after 8 & 16 hr. Surgical prophylaxis for CV & oesphageal operations 1.5 g w/ induction of anaesth followed by 750 mg IM every 8 hr for further 24 hr, <40 kg & infant & toddler >3 wk Community acquired pneumonia, complicated UTI including pyelonephritis, soft-tissue infection (eg, cellulitis, erysipelas & wound infections) & intra-abdominal infections 30-100 mg/kg daily IV as 3 or 4 divided doses. A 60 mg/kg/day dose is appropriate for most infections, infant (birth to 3 wk) Community acquired pneumonia, complicated UTI including pyelonephritis, soft-tissue infection (eg, cellulitis, erysipelas & wound infections) & intra-abdominal infections 30-100 mg/kg/day IV as 2 or 3 divided doses. Renal impairment CrCl >20 mL/min/1.73 m² Standard dose of 750 mg-1.5 g tds, 10-20 mL/min/1.73 m² 750 mg bd, <10 mL/min/1.73 m² 750 mg once daily, haemodialysis Further 750 mg IV or IM at end of each dialysis. Can be incorporated into peritoneal dialysis fluid (usually 250 mg for every 2 L), renal failure on continuous arteriovenous haemodialysis or high-flux haemofiltration in intensive therapy units 750 mg bd.

Should be taken with food: Take w/ meals for optimum absorption. Swallow whole, do not crush tab.

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin. History of severe hypersensitivity to β-lactam antibacterial agents eg, penicillins, monobactams & carbapenems.

History of hypersensitivity to penicillins & other β-lactam antibiotics. Prolonged use may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible microorganisms. May result in false positive Coombs' test & false negative ferricyanide test. Renal impairment. Pregnancy & lactation. Tab: Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. May cause dizziness which may affect ability to drive & use machines. Inj: Not suitable for infections caused by gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria. Concurrent treatment (high doses) w/ potent diuretics eg, furosemide or aminoglycosides. Slight interference w/ copper reduction methods (eg, Benedict's, Fehling's, Clinitest).

Transient increases of hepatic enzyme levels; eosinophilia. Tab: Candida overgrowth; headache, dizziness; diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain. Inj: Neutropenia, decreased Hb conc; inj site reactions (may include pain & thrombophlebitis).

May affect gut flora leading to lower oestrogen reabsorption & reduced efficacy of combined OCs. May increase INR w/ oral anticoagulants. Increased peak conc & elimination half-life w/ probenecid (not recommended). Tab: Bioavailability may be lowered w/ drugs which reduce gastric acidity. Inj: Renal function impairment may result w/ strong-acting loop diuretics (eg, furosemide) or potential nephrotoxic prep (eg, aminoglycoside).

Cephalosporins

J01DC02 - cefuroxime ; Belongs to the class of second-generation cephalosporins. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.

POM