Nasopharyngitis; hypersensitivity, angioedema, urticaria; lactic acidosis, abnormal vit B
12 absorption test, hypoglycaemia (when linagliptin & metformin were combined w/ a sulphonylurea); taste disturbance; cough; decreased appetite, diarrhoea, constipation (when linagliptin & metformin were combined w/ insulin), nausea, pancreatitis, vomiting, abdominal pain, mouth ulceration; abnormal liver function test, hepatitis; angioedema, pruritus, erythema, rash, bullous pemphigoid; increased lipase & amylase.