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Chỉ định và Liều dùng
Ophthalmic
Short-term adjunctive therapy of chronic glaucoma Adult: As 0.5% soln: Instill 1-2 drops into the affected eye tid. Observe approx 5 min interval between installations of other ocular glaucoma therapy (to prevent washout of previous dose). Max recommended duration: 1 mth. Ophthalmic Control or prevention of post-surgical intraocular pressure elevation Adult: As 1% soln: Instill 1 drop into the operative eye 1 hr before and 1 drop immediately upon completion of anterior segment laser surgery.
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Chống chỉ định
History of severe or unstable and uncontrolled CV disease including severe uncontrolled arterial HTN. Concomitant or w/in 14 days of MAOI use.
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Thận trọng
Patient w/ history of vasovagal attacks, angina; severe coronary insufficiency, recent MI, overt cardiac failure, cerebrovascular disease, Reynaud’s disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, depression. Hepatic and renal (e.g. chronic renal failure) impairment. Pregnancy and lactation.
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Tác dụng không mong muốn
Hyperaemia, ocular pruritus and discomfort, increased lachrymation, mydriasis, eyelid retraction and oedema, conjunctival blanching and oedema, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, foreign body sensation in the eye; dry mouth and nose, asthenia, headache, dysgeusia, drowsiness, rhinitis, dermatitis. Rarely, depression.
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Ophth: C
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Thông tin tư vấn bệnh nhân
Avoid contact w/ soft contact lenses. This drug may cause dizziness and somnolence, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery.
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Chỉ số theo dõi
Closely monitor IOP (esp on patient who develop excessive reductions) and visual fields.
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Tương tác
Decreased IOP-lowering effect w/ TCAs. May cause an additive effect w/ CNS depressants (e.g. barbiturates, opiates, sedatives, anaesthetics). May cause a systemic pressor response w/ topical sympathomimetics. May reduce pulse and blood pressure w/ β-blockers (ophth and systemic), antihypertensives, and cardiac glycosides.
Potentially Fatal: Increased serum concentration and enhanced AR w/ MAOIs. |
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Tương tác với thức ăn
May cause a potentiating effect w/ alcohol.
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Tác dụng
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Apraclonidine, a clonidine derivative, is a relatively selective α2-adrenergic agonist. It inhibits adenylate cyclase, thus inhibiting the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In ophthalmology, this leads to reduction of aqueous humour, thereby lowering intra-ocular pressure (IOP). Onset: 1 hr. Duration: ≥12 hr. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Systemic absorption is low. Distribution: Crosses the ocular-blood barrier. Excretion: Elimination half-life: 8 hr (as 0.5% soln). |
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Đặc tính
 Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Apraclonidine, CID=2216, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Apraclonidine (accessed on Jan. 21, 2020) |
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Bảo quản
Store between 2-25°C. Protect from light and freezing.
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Phân loại MIMS
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Phân loại ATC
S01EA03 - apraclonidine ; Belongs to the class of sympathomimetics used in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Tài liệu tham khảo
Anon. Apraclonidine. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 03/10/2016. Apraclonidine Solution (Sandoz Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 03/10/2016. Buckingham R (ed). Apraclonidine Hydrochloride. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 03/10/2016. Iopidine Solution/Drops (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 03/10/2016. Joint Formulary Committee. Apraclonidine. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 03/10/2016. McEvoy GK, Snow EK, Miller J et al (eds). Apraclonidine Hydrochloride (EENT). AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) [online]. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 03/10/2016.
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