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Chỉ định và Liều dùng
Oral
Acute uncomplicated cystitis Adult: 200 mg bid for 7 days or 200 mg tid for 5 days. Alternatively, an initial dose of 400 mg followed by 200 mg tid for 8 doses may be used. Oral Chronic or recurrent bacteriuria Adult: 400 mg 3-4 times daily. Child: >40 kg: Same as adult dose. Oral Urinary tract infection Child: <40 kg: 20-40 mg/kg daily in 3-4 divided doses.
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Chống chỉ định
Hypersensitivity to penicillins and/or cephalosporins. Impaired transit through the oesophagus, genetic metabolism anomalies causing severe carnitine deficiency (e.g. propionic acidaemia, carnitine transporter defect, methylmalonic aciduria).
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Thận trọng
Patient with porphyria. Renal impairment. Children. Pregnancy and lactation. Concomitant use with valproate products.
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Tác dụng không mong muốn
Significant: Fungal or bacterial superinfection (prolonged use); carnitine deficiency (prolonged or recurrent use); acute porphyria.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Thrombocytopenia. Ear and labyrinth disorders: Vertigo. Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain, oesophageal ulcer, dyspepsia, oesophagitis, mouth ulceration. General disorders and admin site conditions: Fatigue. Infections and infestations: Vulvovaginal mycotic infection. Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Porphyria. Nervous system disorders: Headache, dizziness. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash, pruritus, urticaria. Potentially Fatal: Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis); Clostridium difficile infection, pseudomembranous colitis. |
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Chỉ số theo dõi
Perform culture and susceptibility tests prior to treatment initiation; consult local institutional recommendations before treatment initiation due to antibiotic resistance risks. Monitor renal function, LFTs, and plasma levels.
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Quá liều
Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain. Management: Supportive and symptomatic treatment.
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Tương tác
Increased risk of adverse toxic effect particularly carnitine deficiency with valproate products. May increase the serum concentration of methotrexate. Increased serum concentration with probenecid. Diminished therapeutic efficacy with erythromycin and tetracyclines.
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Ảnh hưởng đến kết quả xét nghiệm
May cause false-positive urinary glucose with tests using reducing substances.
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Tác dụng
Description: Pivmecillinam is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of mecillinam. It interferes with the bacterial cell wall with its high specificity against the penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP-2) making it different from other penicillins.
Synonym: amdinocillin pivoxil. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability: 60-70%. Time to peak plasma concentration: 1-1.5 hours (mecillinam). Distribution: Crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. Plasma protein binding: 5-10%. Metabolism: Rapidly hydrolysed via non-specific esterases in the blood to its active form, mecillinam. Excretion: Mainly via urine (approx. 60-70% as mecillinam); via bile. Elimination half-life: Approx 1 hour. |
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Đặc tính
 Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 115163, Pivmecillinam. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Pivmecillinam. Accessed July 27, 2021. |
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Bảo quản
Store between 15-30°C. Protect from moisture.
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Phân loại MIMS
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Phân loại ATC
J01CA08 - pivmecillinam ; Belongs to the class of penicillins with extended spectrum. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
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Tài liệu tham khảo
Anon. Pivmecillinam (Amdinocillin Pivoxil). Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 15/07/2021. Buckingham R (ed). Pivmecillinam. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 15/07/2021. Joint Formulary Committee. Pivmecillinam Hydrochloride. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 15/07/2021. Pivmecillinam Hydrochloride 200 mg Film-Coated Tablets (Milpharm Limited). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 15/07/2021. Selexid 200 mg Film-Coated Tablets (Karo Pharma AB). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 15/07/2021.
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