Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma References

Last updated: 12 March 2026
  1. Canadian Ophthalmological Society Glaucoma Clinical Practice Guideline Expert Committee; Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Canadian Ophthalmological Society evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the management of glaucoma in the adult eye. Can J Ophthalmol. 2009;44(Suppl Suppl 1):S7-S93. doi: 10.3129/cjo44s1. Accessed 19 Sep 2019. PMID: 19492005
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  3. Demailly P, Allaire C, Bron V, Trinquand C. Effectiveness and tolerance of beta blocker/pilocarpine combination eye drops in primary open-angle glaucoma and high intraocular pressure. J Glaucoma. 1995 Aug;4(4):235-241. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/. Accessed 10 Feb 2012. PMID: 19920680
  4. European Glaucoma Society. Terminology and guidelines in glaucoma. 3rd. Italy: European Glaucoma Society; 2008.
  5. South East Asia Interest Group (SEAGIG). Asia Pacific glaucoma guidelines. 2nd. Sydney, Australia: SEAGIG; 2008.
  6. Henderson P, Labbe T, Kass MA. Ocular hypertension. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, Augsburger JJ, et al. Yanoff & Duker: Ophthalmology. 3rd. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby, Inc; 2008.
  7. Japan Glaucoma Society. Guidelines for glaucoma. 2nd ed. Japan Glaucoma Society. http://ryokunaisho.jp/. Sep 2006. Accessed 31 Aug 2012.
  8. National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care. Glaucoma: Diagnosis and management of chronic open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. http://www.nice.org.uk/. Apr 2009. Accessed 03 Feb 2012.
  9. American Academy of Ophthalmology Glaucoma Panel. Preferred Practice Guidelines. Primary open-angle glaucoma. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology. http://one.aao.org/. Oct 2013.
  10. American Optometric Association (AOA). Care of the patient with open-angle glaucoma. AOA. http://www.aoa.org/. 2010. Accessed 03 Feb 2012.
  11. International Council of Ophthalmology. Primary open-angle glaucoma: initial evaluation. International Council of Ophthalmology. http://www.icoph.org/. 2010. Accessed 04 Feb 2012.
  12. International Council of Ophthalmology. Primary open-angle glaucoma: follow-up evaluation. International Council of Ophthalmology. http://www.icoph.org. 2010. Accessed 04 Feb 2012.
  13. International Council of Ophthalmology. Primary open-angle glaucoma suspect: initial evaluation and follow-up. International Council of Ophthalmology. http://www.icoph.org/. 2010. Accessed 06 Feb 2012.
  14. Jacobs DS. Open-angle glaucoma: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 04 Aug 2020. Accessed 07 Jul 2021.
  15. Jacobs DS. Open-angle glaucoma: treatment. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 29 Jan 2024. Accessed 07 Jul 2021.
  16. European Glaucoma Society (EGS). Terminology and guidelines for glaucoma. 4th ed. EGS. http://www.eugs.org/. Jun 2014. Accessed 13 Oct 2015.
  17. Asian Pacific Glaucoma Society (APGS). Asia Pacific glaucoma guidelines. APGS. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Kugler Publications; 2016. Accessed 19 Sep 2019.
  18. Gross RL, McMillan BD. Current medical management of glaucoma. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2019. 1120-1125. Accessed 25 Sep 2019:1120-1125.
  19. International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO). ICO guidelines for glaucoma eye care. ICO. http://www.icoph.org. 2015. Accessed 19 Sep 2019.
  20. Lee DA, Higginbotham EJ. Glaucoma and its treatment: a review. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005 Apr;62(7):691-699. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/62.7.691. Accessed 3 Oct 2019. PMID: 15790795
  21. Lusthaus J, Goldberg I. Current management of glaucoma. Med J Aust. 2019 Mar;210(4):180-187. doi: 10.5694/mja2.50020. Accessed 19 Sep 2019. PMID: 30767238
  22. MacIver S, MacDonald D, Prokopich CL. Screening, diagnosis, and management of open angle glaucoma: an evidence-based guideline for Canadian optometrists. Can J Optometry. 2017;79(Suppl 1). Accessed 19 Sep 2019
  23. Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia. Clinical practice guideline: management of glaucoma (2nd edition). MOH Malaysia. http://www.acadmed.org.my. Jun 2017. Accessed 19 Sep 2019.
  24. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). NHMRC guidelines for the screening, prognosis, diagnosis, management and prevention of glaucoma 2010. NHMRC. https://www.nhmrc.gov.au. 2010. Accessed 02 Oct 2019.
  25. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Glaucoma: diagnosis and management. NICE. http://www.nice.org.uk. 01 Nov 2017. Accessed 19 Sep 2019.
  26. Optometry Australia. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and management of glaucoma. https://www.optometry.org.au. Jul 2016. Accessed 19 Sep 2019.
  27. Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. Phospholine iodide (echothiophate) [prescribing information]. www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Jul 2018. Accessed 03 Oct 2019.
  28. Prum BE Jr, Lim MC, Mansberger SL, et al. Primary open-angle glaucoma suspect preferred practice pattern guidelines. Ophthalmology. 2016 Jan;123(1):P112-P151. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.055. Accessed 26 Sep 2019. PMID: 26581560
  29. Prum BE Jr, Rosenberg LF, Gedde SJ, et al. Primary open-angle glaucoma preferred practice pattern guidelines. Ophthalmology. 2016 Jan;123(1):P41-P111. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.053. Accessed 19 Sep 2019. PMID: 26581556
  30. Rupp JD, Kass MA. Ocular hypertension. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2019. 1055-1056. Accessed 02 Oct 2019:1055-1056.
  31. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Glaucoma referral and safe discharge a national clinical guideline. SIGN. https://www.sign.ac.uk. Mar 2015. Accessed 19 Sep 2019.
  32. Tan JC, Kaufman PL. Primary open-angle glaucoma. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: Saunders, Elsevier; 2019. 1057-1060. Accessed 02 Oct 2019:1057-1060.
  33. ClinicalKey. Open-angle glaucoma. ClinicalKey. http://www.clinicalkey.com. 15 Dec 2020. Accessed 05 Jul 2021.
  34. European Glaucoma Society (EGS). Terminology and guidelines for glaucoma, 5th edition. EGS. https://www.eugs.org. Oct 2020. Accessed 05 Jul 2021.
  35. Gedde SJ, Vinod K, Wright MM, et al. Primary open-angle glaucoma preferred practice pattern® guidelines. Ophthalmology. 2020 Nov;128(1):PP71-P150. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.10.022. Accessed 30 Jun 2021
  36. Salmon JF, Kanski JJ. Glaucoma. In: Salmon JF, Kanski JJ, eds.. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020. 346-422. Accessed 30 Jul 2021:346-422.
  37. Sun CQ, Chen TA, Deiner MS, et al. Clinical outcomes of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty compared to selective laser trabeculoplasty at one year in open-angle glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021 Jan;15:243-251. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S285136. Accessed 05 Jul 2021. PMID: 33519186
  38. Gedde SJ, Vinod K, Wright MM, et al. Primary open-angle glaucoma preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2021 Jan;128(1):71-150. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.10.022. PMID: 34933745
  39. Kiuchi Y, Inoue T, Shoji N, et al. The Japan Glaucoma Society guidelines for glaucoma 5th edition. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar;67(2):189-254. doi: 10.1007/s10384-022-00970-9. Accessed 27 Aug 2024. PMID: 36780040
  40. Mahabadi N, Zeppieri M, Tripathy, et al. Open angle glaucoma. StatPearls . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Jan 2024.
  41. Wagner IV, Stewart MW, Dorairaj SK. Updates on the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2022 Nov;6(6):618-635. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.09.007. Accessed 27 Aug 2024. PMID: 36405987
  42. Gedde SJ, Bowden E, Challa P, et al; American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Glaucoma Panel. Primary open-angle disease preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/. 2025.