Nausea & Vomiting References

Last updated: 06 October 2025
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  1. ASHP therapeutic guidelines on the pharmacologic management of nausea and vomiting in adult and pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy or undergoing surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999 Apr;56(8):729-764. PMID: 10326616
  2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice Bulletin: nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Apr;103(4):803-814. PMID: 15051578
  3. Gan TJ. Post-operative nausea and vomiting-can it be eliminated?. JAMA. 2002 Mar;287(10):1233-1236. PMID: 11886298
  4. American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: nausea and vomiting. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jan;120(1):261-262. PMID: 11208735
  5. Golembiewski J, Chernin E, Chopra T. Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005 Jun;62(12):1247-1260. PMID: 15947124
  6. Herrstedt J, Aapro MS, Roila F, Kataja VV; ESMO Guidelines Task Force. ESMO minimum clinical recommendations for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (NV). Ann Oncol. 2005;16(Suppl 1):i77-i79. PMID: 15888767
  7. Markman M. Progress in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Cleve Clin J Med. 2002 Aug;69(8):609-617. PMID: 12184469
  8. Quigley EM, Hasler WL, Parkman HP. AGA technical review on nausea and vomiting. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jan;120(1):263-286. PMID: 11208736
  9. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Gastroenterology/17/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Gastroenterology.xml
  10. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Pediatrics/33/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Pediatrics-News.xml
  11. Prodigy Guidance: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk. 2005. Accessed 22 Aug 2005.
  12. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee. SOGC clinical practice guidelines: the management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. http://sogc.org. 2002. Accessed 22 Aug 2005.
  13. Basch E, Prestrud AA, Hesketh PJ, et al. Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov;29(31):4189-4198. http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/early/2011/09/25/JCO.2010.34.4614.full.pdf. Accessed 11 Feb 2014. PMID: 21947834
  14. Chandrakantan A, Glass PSA. Multimodal therapies for postoperative nausea and vomiting, and pain. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Dec;107(Suppl Suppl 1):i27-40. http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/107/suppl_1/i27.full.pdf. Accessed 11 Feb 2014. PMID: 22156268
  15. Ettinger DS, Armstrong DK, Barbour S, et al. Antiemesis. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2012;10(4):456-485. http://www.jnccn.org/content/10/4/456.full.pdf. Accessed 11 Feb 2014. PMID: 22491046
  16. Longstreth GF. Approach to the adult with nausea and vomiting. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com. 5 Apr 2013. Accessed 11 Feb 2014.
  17. Niebyl JR. Clinical practice. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(16):1544-1550. http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMcp1003896. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1003896. Accessed 12 Feb 2014. PMID: 20942670
  18. Poh J. Restrictions on the use of metoclopramide-containing products. Health Sciences Authority (HSA). http://www.hsa.gov.sg. 21 Sep 2016. Accessed 14 Mar 2019.
  19. Herrstedt J, Roila F, Warr D, et al. 2016 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: prevention of nausea and vomiting following high emetic risk chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2016 Jul 22. doi: 10.1007/s00520-016-3313-0. PMID: 27443154
  20. Roila F, Warr D, Hesketh PJ, et al. 2016 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: prevention of nausea and vomiting following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2016 Aug 11. doi: 10.1007/s00520-016-3365-1. PMID: 27510316
  21. Walsh D, Davis M, Ripamonti C, et al. 2016 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: management of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2016 Aug 17. doi: 10.1007/s00520-016-3371-3. PMID: 27534961
  22. Stanghellini V, Chan FK, Hasler WL, et al. Gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016 May;150(6):1380-1392. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.011. Accessed 28 Dec 2016. PMID: 27147122
  23. Drossman DA. Functional gastrointestinal disorders: history, pathophysiology, clinical features, and Rome IV . Gastroenterology. 2016 May;150(6):1262-1279. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.032. Accessed 28 Dec 2016. PMID: 27144617
  24. Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Basch E, et al. Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Oct 1;35(28):3240-3261. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.74.4789. Accessed 07 May 2018. PMID: 28759346
  25. Roila F, Molassiotis A, Herrstedt J, et al; participants of the MASCC/ESMO Consensus Conference Copenhagen 2015. 2016 MASCC and ESMO guideline update for the prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. Ann Oncol. 2016 Sep;27(Suppl 5):v119-v133. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdw270. Accessed 07 May 2018. PMID: 27664248
  26. Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG practice bulletin no. 189: nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jan;131(1):e15-e30. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002456. Accessed 24 Mar 2021. PMID: 29266076
  27. Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, et al. Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2020 Aug;131(2):411-448. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004833. PMID: 32467512
  28. Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Basch E, et al. Antiemetics: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Aug 20;38(24):2782-2797. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.01296. PMID: 32658626
  29. Majem M, de Las Peñas R, Virizuela JA, et al. SEOM clinical guideline emesis (2021). Clin Transl Oncol. 2022 Apr;24(4):712-723. doi: 10.1007/s12094-022-02802-1. PMID: 35347571
  30. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology oncology (NCCN guidelines): antiemesis version 2.2023. NCCN. http://www.nccn.org. 24 May 2023. Accessed 05 Jun 2023.
  31. National Guideline Alliance (UK). Management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: antenatal care. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk. Aug 2021.
  32. Doroshow JH. Approach to the patient with cancer. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed 24 Sep 2025:164, 1214-1243.e1.
  33. McQuaid KR. Approach to the patient with gastrointestinal disease. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed 24 Sep 2025:118, 850-865.e1.
  34. Wiener-Kronish JP, Fleisher LA. Overview of anesthesia. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed 24 Sep 2025:400, 2668-2672.e1.
  35. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (NCCN guidelines): antiemesis version 2.2025. NCCN. http://www.nccn.org. 12 May 2025.
  36. Scorza K, Williams A, Phillips JD, Shaw J. Evaluation of nausea and vomiting. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Jul;76(1). PMID: PMID: 17668843
  37. Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B. Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan;9(1). doi: 10.1177/1756283X15618131. PMID: PMID: 26770271